Dr. Andrew T. Wittenberg

 Curriculum Vitae
Seasonal-to-Decadal Variability & Predictability Division
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
US DOC/NOAA/GFDL
201 Forrestal Road, Princeton, NJ 08540-6649
Tel: +1-609-987-5064
Fax: +1-609-987-5063
Andrew.Wittenberg "at" noaa.gov
extranet.gfdl.noaa.gov/~atw
orcid.org/0000-0003-1680-8963
researchgate.net/profile/Andrew_Wittenberg
webofscience.com/wos/author/record/943663
scholar.google.com/citations?user=n3qkCSMAAAAJ
academictree.org/meteorology/peopleinfo.php?pid=512269
app.dimensions.ai/details/entities/publication/author/ur.012621711041.85
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research.com/u/andrew-t-wittenberg
Web of Science ResearcherID: G-9619-2013

Research Interests

Education

Ph.D. in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, June 2002
Dissertation: ENSO Response To Altered Climates
Advisor: Professor George Philander
 
M.S. in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, October 1997
Thesis: Dynamical implications of prescribing part of a coupled system
Advisor: Professor Jeffrey L. Anderson
 
Bachelor of Science in Physics, summa cum laude, Oregon State University, June 1995
Minor in Computer Science

Professional Experience

2021 - present Senior Physical Scientist and Deputy Leader, Seasonal-to-Decadal Variability and Predictability Division, NOAA/GFDL
2018 - 2021 Physical Scientist, Seasonal-to-Decadal Variability and Predictability Division, NOAA/GFDL
2012 - 2018 Physical Scientist, Climate Variability and Prediction Group, NOAA/GFDL
2004 - 2012 Physical Scientist, Climate Change, Variability and Prediction Group, NOAA/GFDL
2002 - 2004 Postdoctoral Research Associate, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University
1997 - 2002 Research Assistant with Professor George Philander, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University
1998 - 2000 Teaching Assistant, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University
1995 - 1997 Research Assistant with Professor Jeffrey L. Anderson, NOAA/GFDL
1994 - 1995 Research Assistant with Professor William Hartmann, Physics, Michigan State University
1993 Research Assistant with Professor John Gardner, Physics, Oregon State University

Honors and Awards

2022 - 2023 Best Scientists in the Environmental Sciences from Research.com
2015 - 2022 Web of Science Highly Cited Researcher
"For exceptional research performance, demonstrated by production of multiple highly cited papers that rank in the top 1% for field and year in Geosciences over the past decade."
2022 NOAA Research Employee of the Year
"For groundbreaking scientific research evaluating how El Niño-Southern Oscillation events will evolve in all seasons as a result of anthropogenic climate change, with significant implications for future Atlantic hurricane season intensities and springtime tornado outbreaks in the United States."
2022 NOAA Administrator's Award
"For advancing understanding of the Earth System by developing and applying NOAA's state-of-the-art Coupled Carbon-Chemistry-Climate model."
2021 Reuters Hot List
"The world's 1,000 most influential climate scientists... based on research papers published related to climate change; how often those papers are cited by other scientists; and how often those papers are referenced in the lay press, social media, policy papers, and other outlets."
2016 NOAA Research Story of the Year
For "U.S. regional tornado outbreaks and their links to spring ENSO phases and North Atlantic SST variability."
by Lee, Wittenberg, Enfield, Weaver, Wang, and Atlas, Environmental Research Letters, 2016.
2016 GFDL Outstanding Scientific Paper Award
For "Simulation and prediction of category 4 and 5 hurricanes in the high-resolution GFDL HiFLOR coupled climate model"
by Murakami, Vecchi, Underwood, Delworth, Wittenberg, Anderson, Chen, Gudgel, Harris, Lin, & Zeng, Journal of Climate, 2015.
2014 U.S. Department of Commerce Gold Medal for Distinguished Achievement in the Federal Service
"For outstanding research, leading to improved capability to predict seasonal-to-decadal variations in regional hydrological conditions and extremes."
2013 U.S. Department of Commerce Silver Medal for Meritorious Federal Service
"For development and application of NOAA's first comprehensive Earth System Models that couple the carbon cycle and climate to project future changes."
2012 U.S. Department of Commerce Gold Medal for Distinguished Achievement in the Federal Service
"For original research and world scientific leadership in the modeling of atmospheric greenhouse gases and aerosols, and their interactions with climate."
2011 GFDL Outstanding Scientific Paper Award
For "Are historical records sufficient to constrain ENSO simulations?"
by A. T. Wittenberg, Geophysical Research Letters, 2009.
2009 American Meteorological Society Editors' Award
"For dependably thorough, scholarly, and constructive reviews."
Journal of Climate reviewer of the year for 2008.
2008 NOAA Outstanding Scientific Paper Award
For "System Design and Evaluation of Coupled Ensemble Data Assimilation for Global Oceanic Climate Studies"
by Zhang, Harrison, Rosati, & Wittenberg, Monthly Weather Review, 2007.
2007 NOAA Outstanding Scientific Paper Award
For "Weakening of Tropical Pacific Atmospheric Circulation Due to Anthropogenic Forcing"
by Vecchi, Soden, Wittenberg, Held, Leetmaa, & Harrison, Nature, 2006.
2002 - 2004 AOS Postdoctoral Fellowship, Princeton University
1998 - 2001 NASA Earth System Science Fellowship
1996 - 1998 National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship
1994 - present Phi Kappa Phi National Honor Society
1994 - 1995 Sigma Pi Sigma National Physics Honor Society
1994 - 1995 Mortar Board National Honor Society
1994 - 1995 Phi Kappa Phi Scholarship
1994 Rhodes Scholarship Finalist
1993, 1994, 1995 Paul Copson Memorial Scholar, Oregon State University
1992, 1993, 1994 Waldo-Cummings Outstanding Student Award
1992, 1993, 1994 Drucilla Smith Scholastic Award
1991 - 1995 Presidential Scholar, Oregon State University
1991 - 1995 National Merit Scholar

Proposal Awards

9/1/2023 - 8/31/2026 Developing dynamically constrained projections of ENSO activity and associated coastal hazards: An application to the Hawaiian and US-affiliated Pacific Islands (NOAA MAPP)
Co-PI, with F.-F. Jin (lead), J. Boucharel, M. Stuecker, and S. Zhao
9/1/2022 - 8/31/2025 Understanding equatorial Pacific climate processes via hierarchical coupled modeling (NOAA CPO)
Lead PI, with B. Reichl, F. Zeng, F. Lu, and A. Adcroft
5/1/2019 - 4/30/2022 Understanding dynamics and thermodynamics of ENSO and its complexity simulated by E3SM and other climate models (DOE #965088057)
Co-PI, with F.-F. Jin (lead) and S. Xie
9/1/2014 - 8/31/2017 Understanding tropical Pacific biases in climate simulations and initialized predictions (NOAA CPO #GC14-250a)
Lead PI, with Y. Xue, G. Vecchi, T. Delworth, and A. Kumar
9/15/2014 - 9/14/2017 Understanding ENSO diversity and changes in climate models and observations (DOE #DE-SC0005110)
Co-PI, with F.-F. Jin (lead) and A. Timmermann
9/15/2010 - 9/14/2013 Assessing ENSO regime changes in a changing climate (DOE #103155)
Co-PI, with F.-F. Jin (lead) and A. Timmermann

Professional Activities

2023 - present NOAA/CVP TPOS Pre-Field II Study Team
2017 - present NOAA TPOS2020 Implementation Strategy Team
2020 - present Working Group on Conceptual Models of ENSO, International CLIVAR Pacific Region Panel
2023 - present Scientific Committee, El Niño/Southern Oscillation Past, Present and Future; Celebrating the Scientific Legacy of Klaus Wyrtki. Symposium planned for Honolulu, Hawaii, Spring 2025.
2019 - 2023 International CLIVAR Pacific Region Panel
2022 Co-chair, El Niño in a Changing Climate I-IV, Session PL02, Ocean Sciences Meeting, Honolulu, Hawaii, 24 February - 4 March 2022. (held virtually)
2015 - 2021 Backbone Task Team, Tropical Pacific Observing System (TPOS) 2020
2020 Writing team, Model Systematic Errors and Limitations, NOAA Precipitation Prediction Grand Challenge Strategy
2020 Co-chair, El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate I-IV, OS018, AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, California, 9 December 2020. (held virtually)
2019 GFDL External Review Agenda Team
2019 Co-author, The GFDL 5-10 Year Strategic Science Plan
2013 - 2018 Co-chair, ENSO in a Changing Climate (International CLIVAR Research Focus)
2015 - 2018 Modeling and Data Assimilation Task Team, Tropical Pacific Observing System (TPOS) 2020
2018 Co-chair, Scientific Committee, IV International Conference on El Niño Southern Oscillation: ENSO in a Warmer Climate, CLIVAR Workshop, FIEC, ESPOL, Guayaquil, Ecuador, 16-18 October 2018. Outline.
2016 Contributing Author, TPOS 2020 Second Report
2017 Scientific Organizing Committee, ENSO Complexity Workshop, IBS Center for Climate Physics, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea, 16-20 October 2017.
2017 Co-chair, Mechanisms and Impacts of Natural and Anthropogenic Tropical Pacific Decadal Variations and Trends, Session #26317, AGU Fall Meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana.
2017 Co-chair, ENSO: Dynamics, Predictability and Modelling, Session NP2.1, EGU General Assembly, Vienna, Austria.
2016 Contributing Author, TPOS 2020 First Report
2016 Co-chair, Real-Time Observations and Analysis of the Strong 2015/16 El Niño Event, A089 (Session #13024), AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, California.
2016 Co-chair, ENSO Dynamics, Observations, and Predictability, A048 (Session #12402), AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, California.
2016 Co-chair, ENSO: Dynamics, Predictability and Modelling, Session NP2.1, EGU General Assembly, Vienna, Austria.
2016 Co-chair, El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Diversity in a Changing Climate, PC005 (Session #7567), 2016 Ocean Sciences Meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana.
2012 - 2015 Working Group on ENSO Diversity, US CLIVAR
2015 Co-chair, Fourth CLIVAR workshop on the Evaluation of ENSO in Climate Models: ENSO in a Changing Climate. Paris, France.
2015 Co-chair, ENSO: Dynamics, Predictability and Modelling, Session NP2.1, EGU General Assembly, Vienna, Austria.
2014 Co-chair, ENSO: Dynamics, Predictability and Modelling, Session NP2.1, EGU General Assembly, Vienna, Austria.
2008 - 2013 Working Group on ENSO Metrics, International CLIVAR Pacific Panel
2013 Co-chair, ENSO: Dynamics, Predictability and Modelling, Session NP2.1, EGU General Assembly, Vienna, Austria.
2012 - 2013 Contributing Author, IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5), Working Group I, Chapter 14
2012 - 2013 Expert Reviewer, IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5), Working Group I, Chapters 2, 5, 9, and 14
2012 Co-chair, Five Controversies in Climate Science, A symposium honoring the contributions of S. George Philander.  Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 6-7 September 2012.
2012 Co-chair, ENSO: Dynamics, Predictability and Modelling, Session NP2.1, EGU General Assembly, Vienna, Austria.
2010 - 2012 Co-chair, GFDL Formal Seminar Series (Fall 2010 - Summer 2012).
2011 Co-chair, ENSO: Dynamics, Predictability and Modelling, Session NP2.1/CL2.19, EGU General Assembly, Vienna, Austria.
2006 - 2011 Co-chair, GFDL Coupled Model Development Team (CMDT)
2002 - 2011 GFDL Coupled Model Development Team (CMDT)
2002 - 2011 GFDL Global Atmospheric Model Development Team (GAMDT)
2002 - 2011 GFDL Ocean Model Development Team (OMDT)
2010 Co-chair, New Strategies for Evaluating ENSO Processes in Climate Models, CLIVAR Workshop, Paris, France, 17-19 November 2010.
2010 Co-chair, ENSO: Dynamics, Predictability and Modelling, Session NP2.1/CL2.19, EGU General Assembly, Vienna, Austria.
2003 - 2009 US CLIVAR Working Group on Correcting Tropical Biases
2008 Co-chair, ENSO and Global Change: Past, Present, and Future, Session A11, AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco.
2005 Review Panelist, NOAA Climate Variability and Predictability proposal review panel
2002 - 2005 Ocean Data Assimilation for Seasonal-to-Interannual Prediction (ODASI), a NOAA/CDEP consortium.

Journal Referee Proposal Referee Professional Societies
2002 - present American Geophysical Union
2021 - present American Meteorological Society

Advising

Postdoctoral Scientists Graduate Student Dissertation Committees Dissertation Reader/Examiner Graduate Student Interns Undergraduates High School Students

Teaching

Lecturer Laboratory Instructor

Publications

Clarivate Highly Cited Researcher
Google Scholar ORCID ResearchGate Frontiers Loop
Web of Science Exaly Dimensions Research.com
       ACCEPTED
  1. Lee, J., P. J. Gleckler, M.-S. Ahn, A. Ordonez, P. Ullrich, K. R. Sperber, K. E. Taylor, Y. Y. Planton, E. Guilyardi, P. Durack, C. Bonfils, M. D. Zelinka, L.-W. Chao, B. Dong, C. Doutriaux, C. Zhang, T. Vo, J. Boutte, M. F. Wehner, A. G. Pendergrass, D. Kim, Z. Xue, A. T. Wittenberg, and J. Krasting, 2024: Systematic and Objective Evaluation of Earth System Models: PCMDI Metrics Package (PMP) version 3.  Geoscientific Model Development, accepted, April 2024.  https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2720
    2.    2023
  2. Lee, S.-K., H. Lopez, F. P. Tuchen, D. Kim, G. R. Foltz, and A. T. Wittenberg, 2023: On the genesis of the 2021 Atlantic Niño.  Geophysical Research Letters, 50 (16), e2023GL104452.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023GL104452
  3. Joh, Y., T. L. Delworth, A. T. Wittenberg, X. Yang, A. Rosati, N. C. Johnson, and L. Jia, 2023: The role of upper-ocean variations of the Kuroshio-Oyashio Extension in seasonal-to-decadal air-sea heat flux variability.  npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, 6, 123.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-023-00453-9
  4. Jiang, F., W. Zhang, F.-F. Jin, M. F. Stuecker, A. Timmermann, M. J. McPhaden, J. Boucharel, and A. T. Wittenberg, 2023: Resolving the tropical Pacific/Atlantic interaction conundrum.  Geophys. Res. Lett., 50 (13), e2023GL103777.  https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL103777
    5.    2022
  5. Guo, H., Y. Ming, S. Fan, A. T. Wittenberg, R. Zhang, M. Zhao, and L. Zhou, 2022: Performance of two-moment stratiform microphysics with prognostic precipitation in GFDL's CM4.0.  J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 14 (12), e2022MS003111.  https://doi.org/10.1029/2022MS003111
  6. Lee, S., M. L'Heureux, A. T. Wittenberg, R. Seager, P. A. O'Gorman, and N. C. Johnson, 2022: On the future zonal contrasts of equatorial Pacific climate: Perspectives from observations, simulations, and theories.  npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, 5, 82.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-022-00301-2
  7. Johnson, N. C., A. T. Wittenberg, A. J. Rosati, T. L. Delworth, and W. F. Cooke, 2022: Future changes in boreal winter ENSO teleconnections in a large ensemble of high-resolution climate simulations.  Frontiers in Climate, 4, 941055. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2022.941055
  8. Joh, Y., T. L. Delworth, A. T. Wittenberg, W. F. Cooke, A. J. Rosati, and L. Zhang, 2022: Stronger decadal variability of the Kuroshio Extension under simulated future climate change.  npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, 5, 63.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-022-00285-z
  9. Jia, L., T. L. Delworth, S. Kapnick, X. Yang, N. C. Johnson, W. Cooke, F. Lu, M. Harrison, A. Rosati, F. Zeng, C. McHugh, A. T. Wittenberg, L. Zhang, H. Murakami, and K.-C. Tseng, 2022: Skillful seasonal prediction of North American summertime heat extremes.  J. Climate, 35 (13), 4331-4345.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0364.1
  10. Bushuk, M., Y. Zhang, M. Winton, B. Hurlin, T. Delworth, F. Lu, L. Jia, L. Zhang, W. Cooke, M. Harrison, N. C. Johnson, S. Kapnick, C. McHugh, H. Murakami, A. Rosati, K.-C. Tseng, A. T. Wittenberg, X. Yang, and F. Zeng, 2022: Mechanisms of regional Arctic sea ice predictability in two dynamical seasonal forecast systems.  J. Climate, 35 (13), 4207-4231.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0544.1
  11. Joh, Y., T. L. Delworth, A. T. Wittenberg, W. F. Cooke, X. Yang, F. Zeng, L. Jia, F. Lu, N. Johnson, S. B. Kapnick, A. Rosati, L. Zhang, and C. McHugh, 2022: Seasonal-to-decadal variability and prediction of the Kuroshio Extension in the GFDL coupled ensemble reanalysis and forecasting system.  J. Climate, 35 (11), 3515-3535.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0471.1
  12. Tseng, K.-C., N. C. Johnson, S. B. Kapnick, W. Cooke, T. L. Delworth, L. Jia, F. Lu, C. McHugh, H. Murakami, A. J. Rosati, A. T. Wittenberg, X. Yang, F. Zeng, and L. Zhang, 2022: When will humanity notice its influence on atmospheric rivers?  J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 127 (9), e2021JD036044.  https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD036044
  13. Lopez, H, S.-K. Lee, D. Kim, A. T. Wittenberg, and S.-W. Yeh, 2022: Projections of faster onset and slower decay of El Niño in the 21st century.  Nature Communications, 13, 1915.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29519-7
  14. Zhang, L., T. L. Delworth, S. Kapnick, J. He, W. Cooke, A. T. Wittenberg, N. C. Johnson, A. Rosati, X. Yang, F. Lu, M. Bushuk, C. McHugh, H. Murakami, F. Zeng, L. Jia, K.-C. Tseng, and Y. Morioka, 2022: Roles of meridional overturning in subpolar Southern Ocean SST trends: Insights from ensemble simulations.  J. Climate, 35 (5), 1577-1596.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0466.1
  15. Zhu, F., J. Emile-Geay, K. J. Anchukaitis, G. J. Hakim, A. T. Wittenberg, M. S. Morales, M. Toohey, and J. King, 2022: A re-appraisal of the ENSO response to volcanism with paleoclimate data assimilation.  Nature Communications, 13, 747.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28210-1
    16.    2021
  16. Chen, H.-C., F.-F. Jin, S. Zhao, A. T. Wittenberg, and S. Xie, 2021: ENSO dynamics in the E3SM-1-0, CESM2, and GFDL-CM4 climate models.  J. Climate, 34 (23), 9365-9384.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0355.1
  17. Zhang, G., H. Murakami, W. F. Cooke, Z. Wang, L. Jia, F. Lu, X. Yang, T. L. Delworth, A. T. Wittenberg, M. J. Harrison, M. Bushuk, C. McHugh, N. C. Johnson, S. B. Kapnick, K.-C. Tseng, and L. Zhang, 2021: Seasonal predictability of baroclinic wave activity.  NPJ Climate Atmos. Sci., 4, 50.   https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-021-00209-3
  18. Lee, J., Y. Y. Planton, P. J. Gleckler, K. R. Sperber, E. Guilyardi, A. T. Wittenberg, M. J. McPhaden, and G. Pallotta, 2021: Robust evaluation of ENSO in climate models: How many ensemble members are needed?  Geophys. Res. Lett., 48 (20), e2021GL095041.  https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL095041
  19. Power, S., M. Lengaigne, A. Capotondi, M. Khodri, J. Vialard, B. Jebri, E. Guilyardi, S. McGregor, J.-S. Kug, M. Newman, M. J. McPhaden, G. Meehl, D. Smith, J. Cole, J. Emile-Geay, D. Vimont, A. T. Wittenberg, et al., 2021: Decadal climate variability in the tropical Pacific: Characteristics, causes, predictability and prospects.  Science, 374, eaay9165. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aay9165
  20. Tseng, K.-C., N. C. Johnson, S. B. Kapnick, T. L. Delworth, F. Lu, W. F. Cooke, A. T. Wittenberg, A. J. Rosati, L. Zhang, C. McHugh, X. Yang, M. Harrison, F. Zeng, G. Zhang, H. Murakami, M. Bushuk, and L. Jia, 2021: Are multiseasonal forecasts of atmospheric rivers possible?  Geophys. Res. Lett., 48 (17), e2021GL094000.  https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL094000
  21. Kessler, W. S., S. Cravatte, P. G. Strutton, A. J. Sutton, A. Kumar, Y. Takaya, H. Hendon, K. O'Brien, N. Smith, S. E. Wijffels, J. Sprintall, A. T. Wittenberg, K. Ando, K. Hill, W. Large, D. Legler, K. Tedesco, S. Lucas, et al., 2021: Final Report of TPOS 2020.  GOOS-268, 83 pp.  [Available online at https://tropicalpacific.org/tpos2020-project-archive/reports]  https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.19282.68802
  22. Bushuk, M., M. Winton, F. A. Haumann, T. Delworth, F. Lu, Y. Zhang, L. Jia, L. Zhang, W. Cooke, M. Harrison, B. Hurlin, N. C. Johnson, S. Kapnick, C. McHugh, H. Murakami, A. Rosati, K.-C. Tseng, A. T. Wittenberg, X. Yang, and F. Zeng, 2021: Seasonal prediction and predictability of regional Antarctic sea ice.  J. Climate, 34, 6207-6233.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0965.1
  23. Lee, S.-K., H. Lopez, D. Kim, A. T. Wittenberg, and A. Kumar, 2021: A Seasonal Probabilistic Outlook for Tornadoes (SPOTter) in the Contiguous United States based on the leading patterns of large-scale atmospheric anomalies.  Mon. Wea. Rev., 149 (4), 901-919.  https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-20-0223.1
  24. Zhang, G., H. Murakami, X. Yang, K. L. Findell, A. T. Wittenberg, and L. Jia, 2021: Dynamical seasonal predictions of tropical cyclone activity: Roles of sea surface temperature errors and atmosphere-land initialization.  J. Climate, 34 (5), 1743-1766.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0215.1
  25. Planton, Y. Y., E. Guilyardi, A. T. Wittenberg, J. Lee, P. J. Gleckler, T. Bayr, S. McGregor, M. J. McPhaden, S. Power, R. Roehrig, J. Vialard, and A. Voldoire, 2021: Evaluating climate models with the CLIVAR 2020 ENSO metrics package.  Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 102 (2), E193-E217.  https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0337.1
  26. Stevenson, S., A. T. Wittenberg, J. Fasullo, S. Coats, and B. Otto-Bliesner, 2021: Understanding diverse model projections of future extreme El Niño.  J. Climate, 34 (2), 449-464.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0969.1
    27.    2020
  27. Dunne, J. P., L. W. Horowitz, A. J. Adcroft, P. Ginoux, I. M. Held, J. G. John, J. P. Krasting, S. Malyshev, V. Naik, F. Paulot, E. Shevliakova, C. A. Stock, N. Zadeh, V. Balaji, C. Blanton, K. A. Dunne, C. Dupuis, J. Durachta, R. Dussin, P. P. G. Gauthier, S. M. Griffies, H. Guo, R. W. Hallberg, M. Harrison, J. He, W. Hurlin, C. McHugh, R. Menzel, P. C. D. Milly, S. Nikonov, D. J. Paynter, J. Ploshay, A. Radhakrishnan, K. Rand, B. G. Reichl, T. Robinson, D. M. Schwarzkopf, L. T. Sentman, S. Underwood, H. Vahlenkamp, M. Winton, A. T. Wittenberg, B. Wyman, Y. Zeng, and M. Zhao, 2020: The GFDL Earth System Model version 4.1 (GFDL-ESM4.1): Overall coupled model description and simulation characteristics.  J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 12 (11), e2019MS002015.  https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS002015
  28. *DeWitt, D., A. T. Wittenberg, S. Benjamin, L. Bengtsson, J. Carman, A. Clark, J. Huang, D. Novak, E. Wells, C. Zhang, and M. Zhao, 2020: Model Limitations.  Precipitation Prediction Grand Challenge Strategy, NOAA Weather, Water, and Climate Board.
  29. Capotondi, A., A. T. Wittenberg, J.-S. Kug, K. Takahashi, and M. McPhaden, 2020: ENSO diversity.  Chapter 4 of: El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, pp. 65-86. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119548164.ch4
  30. Fedorov, A., S. Hu, A. T. Wittenberg, A. Levine, and C. Deser, 2020: ENSO low-frequency modulations and mean state interactions.  Chapter 8 of: El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, pp. 173-198.  https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119548164.ch8
  31. Guilyardi, E., A. Capotondi, and M. Lengaigne, S. Thual, and A. T. Wittenberg, 2020: ENSO modeling: History, progress, and challenges.  Chapter 9 of: El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, pp. 201-226.  https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119548164.ch9
  32. Predybaylo, E., G. Stenchikov, A. T. Wittenberg, and S. Osipov, 2020: El Niño / Southern Oscillation response to low-latitude volcanic eruptions depends on ocean pre-conditions and eruption timing.  Nat. Commun. Earth Environ., 1, 12.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-020-0013-y
  33. Delworth, T. L., W. F. Cooke, A. A. Adcroft, M. Bushuk, J.-H. Chen, K. A. Dunne, P. Ginoux, R. Gudgel, R. W. Hallberg, L. Harris, M. J. Harrison, N. Johnson, S. B. Kapnick, S.-J. Lin, F. Lu, S. Malyshev, P. C. Milly, H. Murakami, V. Naik, S. Pascale, D. Paynter, A. Rosati, M. D. Schwarzkopf, E. Shevliakova, S. Underwood, A. T. Wittenberg, B. Xiang, X. Yang, F. Zeng, H. Zhang, L. Zhang, and M. Zhao, 2020: SPEAR: The next generation GFDL modeling system for seasonal to multidecadal prediction and projection.  J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 12 (3), e2019MS001895.  https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001895
  34. Ding, H., M. Newman, M. A. Alexander, and A. T. Wittenberg, 2020: Relating CMIP5 model biases to seasonal forecast skill in the tropical Pacific.  Geophys. Res. Lett., 47 (5), e2019GL086765.  https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL086765
  35. Johnson, N., L. Krishnamurthy, A. T. Wittenberg, B. Xiang, G. A. Vecchi, S. Kapnick, and S. Pascale, 2020: The impact of sea surface temperature biases on North American precipitation in a high-resolution climate model.  J. Climate, 33 (6), 2427-2447.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0417.1
    36.    2019
  36. Held, I. M., H. Guo, A. Adcroft, J. P. Dunne, L. W. Horowitz, J. Krasting, C. Milly, E. Shevliakova, M. Winton, M. Zhao, M. Bushuk, A. T. Wittenberg, B. Wyman, B. Xiang, R. Zhang, et al., 2019: Structure and performance of GFDL's CM4.0 climate model.  J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 11 (11), 3691-3727.  https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001829
  37. Vecchi, G. A., T. L. Delworth, H. Murakami, S. D. Underwood, A. T. Wittenberg, F. Zeng, W. Zhang, J. W. Baldwin, K. T. Bhatia, W. Cooke, J. He, S. B. Kapnick, T. R. Knutson, G. Villarini, K. van der Wiel, W. Anderson, V. Balaji, J.-H. Chen, K. W. Dixon, R. Gudgel, L. M. Harris, L. Jia, N. C. Johnson, S.-J. Lin, M. Liu, C. H. J. Ng, A. Rosati, J. A. Smith, and X. Yang, 2019: Tropical cyclone sensitivities to CO2 doubling: Roles of atmospheric resolution, synoptic variability and background climate changes.  Climate Dyn., 53 (9-10), 5999-6033.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-04913-y
  38. Adcroft, A. J., W. Anderson, C. Blanton, M. Bushuk, C. O. Dufour, J. P. Dunne, S. M. Griffies, R. W. Hallberg, M. J. Harrison, I. Held, M. F. Jansen, J. John, J. P. Krasting, A. Langenhorst, S. Legg, Z. Liang, C. McHugh, A. Radhakrishnan, B. G. Reichl, A. Rosati, B. L. Samuels, A. Shao, R. Stouffer, M. Winton, A. T. Wittenberg, B. Xiang, N. Zadeh, and R. Zhang, 2019: The GFDL global ocean and sea ice model OM4.0: Model description and simulation features.  J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 11 (10), 3167-3211.  https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001726
  39. *Wittenberg, A. T., and M. Winton, 2019: Predictions and projections of the Earth system.  Chapter 4 of The GFDL 5-10 Year Strategic Science Plan, NOAA GFDL, Princeton, New Jersey, 26 September 2019.
  40. Kessler, W. S., S. E. Wijffels, S. Cravatte, N. Smith, A. Kumar, Y. Fujii, W. Large, Y. Takaya, H. Hendon, S. G. Penny, A. Sutton, P. Strutton, R. Feely, S. Kouketsu, S. Yasunaka, Y. Serra, B. Dewitte, K. Tahahashi, Y. Xue, I. Montes, C. A. Clayson, M. F. Cronin, J. T. Farrar, T. Lee, S. McGregor, X. Song, J. Sprintall, A. T. Wittenberg, et al., 2019: Second Report of TPOS 2020.  GOOS-234, 265 pp.  [Available online at https://tropicalpacific.org/tpos2020-project-archive/reports]  https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.17161.29289
  41. Krishnamurthy, L., A. G. Muñoz, G. A. Vecchi, R. Msadek, A. T. Wittenberg, B. Stern, R. Gudgel, and F. Zeng, 2019: Assessment of summer rainfall forecast skill in the Intra-Americas in GFDL high and low-resolution models.  Climate Dyn., 52 (3-4), 1965-1982.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-018-4234-z
  42. Ding, H., M. Newman, M. A. Alexander, and A. T. Wittenberg, 2019: Diagnosing secular variations in retrospective ENSO seasonal forecast skill using CMIP5 model-analogs.  Geophys. Res. Lett., 46 (3), 1721-1730.  https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL080598
    43.    2018
  43. Wittenberg, A. T., G. A. Vecchi, T. L. Delworth, A. Rosati, W. Anderson, W. F. Cooke, S. Underwood, F. Zeng, S. Griffies, and S. Ray, 2018: Improved simulations of tropical Pacific annual-mean climate in the GFDL FLOR and HiFLOR coupled GCMs.  J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 10 (12), 3176-3220. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018MS001372
  44. Ray, S., A. T. Wittenberg, S. M. Griffies, and F. Zeng, 2018: Understanding the equatorial Pacific cold tongue time-mean heat budget, Part II: Evaluation of the GFDL-FLOR coupled GCM.  J. Climate, 31 (24), 9987-10011.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0153.1
  45. Ray, S., A. T. Wittenberg, S. M. Griffies, and F. Zeng, 2018: Understanding the equatorial Pacific cold tongue time-mean heat budget, Part I: Diagnostic framework.  J. Climate, 31 (24), 9965-9985.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0152.1
  46. He, J., N. C. Johnson, G. A. Vecchi, B. Kirtman, A. T. Wittenberg, and S. Sturm, 2018: Precipitation sensitivity to local variations in tropical sea surface temperature.  J. Climate, 31 (22), 9225-9238.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0262.1
  47. Timmermann, A., S.-I. An, J.-S. Kug, F.-F. Jin, W. Cai, A. Capotondi, K. Cobb, M. Lengaigne, M. J. McPhaden, M. Stuecker, K. Stein, A. T. Wittenberg, K.-S. Yun, et al., 2018: El Niño-Southern Oscillation complexity.  Nature, 559 (7715), 535-545.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0252-6
  48. Ding, H., M. Newman, M. A. Alexander, and A. T. Wittenberg, 2018: Skillful climate forecasts of the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean using model-analogs.  J. Climate, 31 (14), 5437-5459.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0661.1
  49. Zhao, M., J.-C. Golaz, I. M. Held, H. Guo, et al., 2018: The GFDL global atmosphere and land model AM4.0/LM4.0: 2. Model description, sensitivity studies, and tuning strategies.  J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 10 (3), 735-769.  https://doi.org/10.1002/2017MS001209
  50. Zhao, M., J.-C. Golaz, I. M. Held, H. Guo, et al., 2018: The GFDL global atmosphere and land model AM4.0/LM4.0: 1. Simulation characteristics with prescribed SSTs.  J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 10 (3), 691-734.  https://doi.org/10.1002/2017MS001208
  51. Lee, S.-K., H. Lopez, E.-S. Chung, P. DiNezio, S.-W. Yeh, and A. T. Wittenberg, 2018: On the fragile relationship between El Niño and California rainfall.  Geophys. Res. Lett., 45 (2), 907-915.  https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL076197
  52. Kam, J., T. R. Knutson, F. Zeng, and A. T. Wittenberg, 2018: CMIP5 model-based assessment of anthropogenic influence on highly anomalous Arctic warmth during November-December 2016.  Section 7 of: "Explaining extreme events of 2016 from a climate perspective."  Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 99 (1), S34-S38.  https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0115.1
  53. Newman, M., A. T. Wittenberg, L. Cheng, G. P. Compo, and C. A. Smith, 2018: The extreme 2015/16 El Niño, in the context of historical climate variability and change.  Section 4 of: "Explaining extreme events of 2016 from a climate perspective."  Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 99 (1), S16-S20.  https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0116.1
  54. Knutson, T. R., J. Kam, F. Zeng, and A. T. Wittenberg, 2018: CMIP5 model-based assessment of anthropogenic influence on record global warmth during 2016.  Section 3 of: "Explaining extreme events of 2016 from a climate perspective."  Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 99 (1), S11-S15.  https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0104.1
    55.    2017
  55. Atwood, A. R., D. S. Battisti, A. T. Wittenberg, W. G. H. Roberts, and D. J. Vimont, 2017: Characterizing unforced multi-decadal variability of ENSO: A case study with the GFDL CM2.1 coupled GCM.  Climate Dyn., 49 (7-8), 2845-2862.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3477-9
  56. L'Heureux, M. L., K. Takahashi, A. B. Watkins, A. G. Barnston, E. J. Becker, T. E. Di Liberto, F. Gamble, J. Gottschalck, M. S. Halpert, B. Huang, K. Mosquera-Vásquez, and A. T. Wittenberg, 2017: Observing and predicting the 2015/16 El Niño.  Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 98 (7), 1363-1382.  https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0009.1
  57. Naiman, Z., P. J. Goodman, J. P. Krasting, S. L. Malyshev, J. L. Russell, R. J. Stouffer, and A. T. Wittenberg, 2017: Impact of mountains on tropical circulation in two Earth System Models.  J. Climate, 30 (11), 4149-4163.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0512.1
  58. Stuecker, M. F., A. Timmermann, F.-F. Jin, Y. Chikamoto, W. Zhang, A. T. Wittenberg, E. Widiasih, and S. Zhao, 2017: Revisiting ENSO/Indian Ocean Dipole phase relationships.  Geophys. Res. Lett., 44 (5), 2481-2492.  https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL072308
  59. Predybaylo, E., G. Stenchikov, A. T. Wittenberg, and F. Zeng, 2017: Impacts of a Pinatubo-scale volcanic eruption on ENSO.  J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 122, 925-947.  https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025796
  60. Graham, F. S., A. T. Wittenberg, J. N. Brown, S. J. Marsland, and N. J. Holbrook, 2017: Understanding the double peaked El Niño in coupled GCMs.  Climate Dyn., 48 (5), 2045-2063.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3189-1
  61. Chen, C., M. A. Cane, A. T. Wittenberg, and D. Chen, 2017: ENSO in the CMIP5 simulations: Life cycles, diversity, and responses to climate change.  J. Climate, 30 (2), 775-801.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0901.1
  62. Murakami, H., G. A. Vecchi, T. L. Delworth, A. T. Wittenberg, S. Underwood, R. Gudgel, X. Yang, L. Jia, F. Zeng, K. Paffendorf, and W. Zhang, 2017: Dominant role of subtropical Pacific warming in extreme eastern Pacific hurricane seasons: 2015 and the future.  J. Climate, 30, 243-264.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0424.1
    63.    2016
  63. Cravatte, S., B. Kessler, N. Smith, S. Wijffels, L. Yu, K. Ando, M. Cronin, T. Farrar, E. Guilyardi, A. Kumar, T. Lee, D. Roemmich, Y. Serra, J. Sprintall, P. Strutton, A. Sutton, K. Takahashi, and A. T. Wittenberg, 2016: First Report of TPOS 2020.  GOOS-215, 200 pp.  [Available online at https://tropicalpacific.org/tpos2020-project-archive/reports] https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.28674.07363/1
  64. Kam, J., T. R. Knutson, F. Zeng, and A. T. Wittenberg, 2016: Multimodel assessment of anthropogenic influence on record global and regional warmth during 2015.   Section 2 of: "Explaining extreme events of 2015 from a climate perspective."  Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 97 (12), S4-S8.  https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0138.1
  65. Ward, D. S., E. Shevliakova, S. Malyshev, J.-F. Lamarque, and A. T. Wittenberg, 2016: Variability of fire emissions on interannual to multi-decadal timescales in two Earth System models.  Environ. Res. Lett., 11 (12), 125008.  https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/12/125008
  66. Zhang, W., F.-F. Jin, M. F. Stuecker, A. T. Wittenberg, A. Timmermann, H.-L. Ren, J.-S. Kug, W. Cai, and M. Cane, 2016: Unraveling El Niño's impact on the East Asian monsoon and Yangtze River summer flooding.  Geophys. Res. Lett., 43 (21), 11375-11382.  https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL071190
  67. Guilyardi, E., A. Wittenberg, M. Balmaseda, W. Cai, M. Collins, M. J. McPhaden, M. Watanabe, and S.-W. Yeh, 2016: Fourth CLIVAR Workshop on the Evaluation of ENSO Processes in Climate Models: ENSO in a Changing Climate.  Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 97 (5), 817-820.  https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00287.1
  68. Lee, S.-K., A. T. Wittenberg, D. B. Enfield, S. J. Weaver, C. Wang, and R. M. Atlas, 2016: U.S. regional tornado outbreaks and their links to spring ENSO phases and North Atlantic SST variability. Environ. Res. Lett., 11 (4), 044008.  https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/044008
  69. Krishnamurthy, L., G. A. Vecchi, R. Msadek, H. Murakami, A. Wittenberg, and F. Zeng, 2016: Impact of strong ENSO on regional tropical cyclone activity in a high-resolution climate model in the North Pacific and North Atlantic.  J. Climate, 29, 2375-2394.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-0468.1
  70. Zhang, W., G. A. Vecchi, H. Murakami, T. Delworth, A. T. Wittenberg, A. Rosati, S. Underwood, W. Anderson, L. Harris, R. Gudgel, S.-J. Lin, G. Villarini, and J.-H. Chen, 2016: Improved simulation of tropical cyclone responses to ENSO in the western north Pacific in the high-resolution GFDL HiFLOR coupled climate model.  J. Climate, 29, 1391-1415.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0475.1
    71.    2015
  71. Erb, M. P., A. J. Broccoli, N. T. Graham, A. C. Clement, A. T. Wittenberg, and G. A. Vecchi, 2015: Response of the equatorial Pacific seasonal cycle to orbital forcing.  J. Climate, 28, 9258-9276.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0242.1
  72. Graham, F. S., J. N. Brown, A. T. Wittenberg, and N. J. Holbrook, 2015: Reassessing conceptual models of ENSO.  J. Climate, 28, 9121-9142.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00812.1
  73. Murakami, H., G. A. Vecchi, S. Underwood, T. L. Delworth, A. T. Wittenberg, W. G. Anderson, J.-H. Chen, R. G. Gudgel, L. M. Harris, S.-J. Lin, and F. Zeng, 2015: Simulation and prediction of category 4 and 5 hurricanes in the high-resolution GFDL HiFLOR coupled climate model.  J. Climate, 28, 9058-9079.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0216.1
  74. Kam, J., T. R. Knutson, F. Zeng, and A. T. Wittenberg, 2015: Record annual mean warmth over Europe, the northeast Pacific, and the northwest Atlantic during 2014: Assessment of anthropogenic influence.  Section 13 of: "Explaining extreme events of 2014 from a climate perspective."  Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 96 (12), S61-S65.  https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00101.1
  75. Choi, K.-Y., G. A. Vecchi, and A. T. Wittenberg, 2015: Nonlinear zonal wind response to ENSO in the CMIP5 models: Roles of the zonal and meridional shift of the ITCZ/SPCZ and the simulated climatological precipitation.  J. Climate, 28, 8556-8573.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0211.1
  76. Capotondi, A., A. T. Wittenberg, et al., 2015: Understanding ENSO diversity.  Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 96, 921-938.  https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00117.1
  77. Krishnamurthy, L., G. Vecchi, R. Msadek, A. Wittenberg, T. Delworth, and F. Zeng, 2015: The seasonality of the Great Plains Low-Level Jet and ENSO relationship.  J. Climate, 28, 4525-4544.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00590.1
  78. Delworth, T. L., F. Zeng, A. Rosati, G. Vecchi, and A. T. Wittenberg, 2015: A link between the hiatus in global warming and North American drought.  J. Climate, 28, 3834-3845.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00616.1
  79. Yang, X., G. A. Vecchi, R. G. Gudgel, T. L. Delworth, S. Zhang, A. Rosati, L. Jia, W. F. Stern, A. T. Wittenberg, S. Kapnick, R. Msadek, S. D. Underwood, F. Zeng, W. Anderson, and V. Balaji, 2015: Seasonal predictability of extratropical storm tracks in GFDL's high-resolution climate prediction model.  J. Climate, 28, 3592-3611.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00517.1
  80. Jia, L., X. Yang, G. A. Vecchi, R. G. Gudgel, T. L. Delworth, A. Rosati, B. Stern, A. T. Wittenberg, et al., 2015: Improved seasonal prediction of temperature and precipitation over land in a high-resolution GFDL climate model.  J. Climate, 28, 2044-2062.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00112.1
  81. *Wittenberg, A. T., 2015: Low-frequency variations of ENSO.  U.S. CLIVAR Variations, 13 (1), 26-31.
  82. *Capotondi, A., Y.-G. Ham, A. T. Wittenberg, and J.-S. Kug, 2015: Climate model biases and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) simulation.  U.S. CLIVAR Variations, 13 (1), 21-25.
  83. Griffies, S. M., M. Winton, W. G. Anderson, R. Benson, T. L. Delworth, C. O. Dufour, J. P. Dunne, P. Goddard, A. K. Morrison, A. Rosati, A. T. Wittenberg, J. Yin, and R. Zhang, 2015: Impacts on ocean heat from transient mesoscale eddies in a hierarchy of climate models.  J. Climate, 28, 952-977.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00353.1
    84.    2014
  84. Lee, S.-K., P. N. DiNezio, E.-S. Chung, S.-W. Yeh, A. T. Wittenberg, and C. Wang, 2014: Spring persistence, transition and resurgence of El Niño.  Geophys. Res. Lett., 41 (23), 8578-8585.  https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062484
  85. Vecchi, G. A., T. Delworth, R. Gudgel, S. Kapnick, A. Rosati, A. T. Wittenberg, F. Zeng, et al., 2014: On the seasonal forecasting of regional tropical cyclone activity.  J. Climate, 27, 7994-8016.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00158.1
  86. Graham, F. S., J. N. Brown, C. Langlais, S. J. Marsland, A. T. Wittenberg, and N. J. Holbrook, 2014: Effectiveness of the Bjerknes stability index in representing ocean dynamics.  Climate Dyn., 43, 2399-2414.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2062-3
  87. Knutson, T. R., F. Zeng, and A. T. Wittenberg, 2014b: Multimodel assessment of extreme annual-mean warm anomalies during 2013 over regions of Australia and the western tropical Pacific.  Section 8 of: "Explaining extreme events of 2013 from a climate perspective."  Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 95 (9), S26-S30.  https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477-95.9.S1.1
  88. Knutson, T. R., F. Zeng, and A. T. Wittenberg, 2014a: Seasonal and annual mean precipitation extremes occurring during 2013: A U.S. focused analysis.  Section 6 of: "Explaining extreme events of 2013 from a climate perspective."  Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 95 (9), S19-S23.  https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477-95.9.S1.1
  89. Christensen, J. H., K. Krishna Kumar, et al., 2014: Climate phenomena and their relevance for future regional climate change.  Chapter 14 of: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 1217-1308.  ISBN: 9781107415324.  https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.028
  90. Msadek, R., T. L. Delworth, A. Rosati, W. Anderson, G. Vecchi, Y.-S. Chang, K. Dixon, R. G. Gudgel, W. Stern, A. Wittenberg, X. Yang, F. Zeng, R. Zhang, and S. Zhang, 2014: Predicting a decadal shift in North Atlantic climate variability using the GFDL forecast system.  J. Climate, 27, 6472-6496.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00476.1
  91. *Kessler, W. S., T. Lee, M. Collins, E. Guilyardi, D. Chen, A. T. Wittenberg, G. Vecchi, W. G. Large, and D. Anderson, 2014: White Paper #3 -- ENSO research: The overarching science drivers and requirements for observations.  In: Report of the Tropical Pacific Observing System 2020 (TPOS 2020) Workshop, Volume II, pp. 27-63.  WMO and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, La Jolla, CA, 27-30 January 2014.  GOOS-205 / GCOS-184.
  92. Wittenberg, A. T., A. Rosati, T. L. Delworth, G. A. Vecchi, and F. Zeng, 2014: ENSO modulation: Is it decadally predictable?  J. Climate, 27, 2667-2681.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00577.1
  93. Vecchi, G. A., R. Msadek, W. Anderson, Y.-S. Chang, T. Delworth, K. Dixon, R. Gudgel, A. Rosati, W. Stern, G. Villarini, A. T. Wittenberg, X. Yang, F. Zeng, R. Zhang, and S. Zhang, 2014: Reply to comments on "Multiyear predictions of North Atlantic hurricane frequency: Promise and limitations."  J. Climate, 27, 490-492.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00381.1
  94. Knutson, T. R., F. Zeng, A. Wittenberg, H.-S. Kim, J. Sirutis, M. Bender, M. Zhao, and R. Tuleya, 2014: Recent research at GFDL on surface temperature trends and simulations of tropical cyclone activity in the Indian Ocean region.  Pages 50-62 (Chapter 5) of Monitoring and Prediction of Tropical Cyclones in the Indian Ocean and Climate Change, U.C. Mohanty et al. (eds.), Springer, ISBN 978-94-007-7720-0.  https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7720-0_5
  95. Karamperidou, C., M. A. Cane, U. Lall, and A. T. Wittenberg, 2014: Intrinsic modulation of ENSO predictability viewed through a local Lyapunov lens.  Climate Dyn., 42, 253-270.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1759-z
    96.    2013
  96. Choi, K.-Y., G. A. Vecchi, and A. T. Wittenberg, 2013: ENSO transition, duration and amplitude asymmetries: Role of the nonlinear wind stress coupling in a conceptual model.   J. Climate, 26, 9462-9476.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00045.1
  97. McGregor, S., A. Timmermann, M. H. England, O. Elison Timm, and A. T. Wittenberg, 2013: Inferred changes in El Niño-Southern Oscillation variance over the past six centuries.  Clim. Past, 9, 2269-2284.  https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2269-2013
  98. Knutson, T. R., F. Zeng, and A. T. Wittenberg, 2013b: Multimodel assessment of regional surface temperature trends: CMIP3 and CMIP5 twentieth-century simulations.  J. Climate, 26, 8709-8743.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00567.1
  99. Knutson, T. R., F. Zeng, and A. T. Wittenberg, 2013a: The extreme March-May 2012 warm anomaly over the eastern United States: Global context and multimodel trend analysis.  Section 5 of: "Explaining extreme events of 2012 from a climate perspective."  Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 94 (9), S13-S17. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00085.1
  100. Ogata, T., S.-P. Xie, A. Wittenberg, and D.-Z. Sun, 2013: Interdecadal amplitude modulation of El Niño/Southern Oscillation and its impacts on tropical Pacific decadal variability.  J. Climate, 26, 7280-7297.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00415.1
  101. *Capotondi, A., and A. T. Wittenberg, 2013: ENSO diversity in climate models.  U.S. CLIVAR Variations, 11 (2), 10-14.
  102. *U.S. CLIVAR Project Office, 2013: U.S. CLIVAR ENSO Diversity Workshop Report.  Report 2013-1, U.S. CLIVAR Project Office, Washington, DC, 20006, 20pp.
  103. Vecchi, G. A., R. Msadek, W. Anderson, Y.-S. Chang, T. Delworth, K. Dixon, R. Gudgel, A. Rosati, W. Stern, G. Villarini, A. T. Wittenberg, X. Yang, F. Zeng, R. Zhang, and S. Zhang, 2013: Multiyear predictions of North Atlantic hurricane frequency: Promise and limitations.  J. Climate, 26, 5337-5357.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00464.1
  104. Emile-Geay, J., K. Cobb, M. Mann, and A. T. Wittenberg, 2013b: Estimating central equatorial Pacific SST variability over the past millennium.  Part II: Reconstructions and implications.  J. Climate, 26, 2329-2352.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00511.1
  105. Emile-Geay, J., K. Cobb, M. Mann, and A. T. Wittenberg, 2013a: Estimating central equatorial Pacific SST variability over the past millennium.  Part I: Methodology and validation.  J. Climate, 26, 2302-2328.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00510.1
  106. Yang, X., A. Rosati, S. Zhang, T. L. Delworth, R. G. Gudgel, R. Zhang, G. Vecchi, W. Anderson, Y.-S. Chang, T. DelSole, K. Dixon, R. Msadek, W. F. Stern, A. Wittenberg, and F. Zeng, 2013: A predictable AMO-like pattern in GFDL's fully-coupled ensemble initialization and decadal forecasting system.  J. Climate, 26, 650-661.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00231.1
  107. Dunne, J. P., J. G. John, E. Shevliakova, R. J. Stouffer, J. P. Krasting, S. L. Malyshev, P. C. D. Milly, L. T. Sentman, A. J. Adcroft, W. Cooke, K. A. Dunne, S. M. Griffies, R. W. Hallberg, M. J. Harrison, H. Levy, A. T. Wittenberg, P. J. Phillips, and N. Zadeh, 2013: GFDL's ESM2 global coupled climate-carbon Earth System Models, Part II: Carbon system formulation and baseline simulation characteristics.  J. Climate, 26, 2247-2267.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00150.1
    108.    2012
  108. Dunne, J. P., J. G. John, A. J. Adcroft, S. M. Griffies, R. W. Hallberg, E. Shevliakova, R. J. Stouffer, W. Cooke, K. A. Dunne, M. J. Harrison, J. P. Krasting, S. L. Malyshev, P. C. D. Milly, P. J. Phillips, L. T. Sentman, B. L. Samuels, M. J. Spelman, M. Winton, A. T. Wittenberg, and N. Zadeh, 2012: GFDL's ESM2 global coupled climate-carbon Earth System Models, Part I: Physical formulation and baseline simulation characteristics.  J. Climate, 25, 6646-6665.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00560.1
  109. Watanabe, M., J.-S. Kug, F.-F. Jin, M. Collins, M. Ohba, and A. T. Wittenberg, 2012: Uncertainty in the ENSO amplitude change from the past to the future.  Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L20703.  https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053305
  110. Watanabe, M., and A. T. Wittenberg, 2012: A method for disentangling El Niño-mean state interaction.  Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L14702.  https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL052013
  111. DiNezio, P. N., B. P. Kirtman, A. C. Clement, S.-K. Lee, G. A. Vecchi, and A. Wittenberg, 2012: Mean climate controls on the simulated response of ENSO to increasing greenhouse gases.  J. Climate, 25, 7399-7420.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00494.1
  112. Delworth, T. L., A. Rosati, W. Anderson, A. J. Adcroft, V. Balaji, R. Benson, K. Dixon, S. M. Griffies, H.-C. Lee, R. C. Pacanowski, G. A. Vecchi, A. T. Wittenberg, F. Zeng, and R. Zhang, 2012: Simulated climate and climate change in the GFDL CM2.5 high-resolution coupled climate model.  J. Climate, 25, 2755-2781.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00316.1
  113. *Guilyardi, E., H. Bellenger, M. Collins, S. Ferrett, W. Cai, and A. Wittenberg, 2012: A first look at ENSO in CMIP5.  CLIVAR Exchanges, 17, 29-32.  ISSN: 1026-0471.
  114. Guilyardi, E., W. Cai, M. Collins, A. Fedorov, F.-F. Jin, A. Kumar, D.-Z. Sun, and A. Wittenberg, 2012: New strategies for evaluating ENSO processes in climate models.  Bull. Amer. Met. Soc., 93, 235-238.  https://doi.org/10.1175/BAM S-D-11-00106.1
  115. Richter, I., S.-P. Xie, A. T. Wittenberg, and Y. Masumoto, 2012: Tropical Atlantic biases and their relation to surface wind stress and terrestrial precipitation.  Climate Dyn., 38, 985-1001.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-011-1038-9
    116.    2011
  116. Galbraith, E. D., E. Y. Kwon, A. Gnanadesikan, K. B. Rodgers, S. M. Griffies, D. Bianchi, J. L. Sarmiento, J. P. Dunne, J. Simeon, R. D. Slater, A. T. Wittenberg, and I. M. Held, 2011: Climate variability and radiocarbon in the CM2Mc Earth System Model.   J. Climate, 24, 4230-4254.  https://doi.org/10.1175/2011JCLI3919.1
  117. Griffies, S. M., et al., 2011: GFDL's CM3 coupled climate model: Characteristics of the ocean and sea ice simulations.  J. Climate, 24, 3520-3544.  https://doi.org/10.1175/2011JCLI3964.1
  118. Donner, L. J., et al., 2011: The dynamical core, physical parameterizations, and basic simulation characteristics of the atmospheric component AM3 of the GFDL global coupled model CM3.  J. Climate, 24, 3484-3519.  https://doi.org/10.1175/2011JCLI3955.1
  119. Chen, C.-K., C. Wang, K.-L. Ma, and A. Wittenberg, 2011: Static correlation visualization for large time-varying volume data.  Proceedings of the IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium, Hong Kong, China, March 2011, 27-34.  https://doi.org/10.1109/PACIFICVIS.2011.5742369
    120.    2010
  120. Collins, M., S.-I. An, W. Cai, A. Ganachaud, E. Guilyardi, F.-F. Jin, M. Jochum, M. Lengaigne, S. Power, A. Timmermann, G. Vecchi, and A. Wittenberg, 2010: The impact of global warming on the tropical Pacific and El Niño.  Nature Geoscience, 3, 391-397. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo868
  121. Vecchi, G. A., and A. T. Wittenberg, 2010: El Niño and our future climate: Where do we stand?   Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 1, 260-270.  https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.33
  122. Kug, J.-S., J. Choi, S.-I. An, F.-F. Jin, and A. T. Wittenberg, 2010: Warm pool and cold tongue El Niño events as simulated by the GFDL CM2.1 coupled GCM.  J. Climate, 23, 1226-1239.  https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JCLI3293.1
  123. Xie, S.-P., C. Deser, G. A. Vecchi, J. Ma, H. Teng, and A. T. Wittenberg, 2010: Global warming pattern formation: Sea surface temperature and rainfall.  J. Climate, 23, 966-986.  https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JCLI3329.1
    124.    2009
  124. Stenchikov, G, T. L. Delworth, V. Ramaswamy, R. J. Stouffer, A. Wittenberg, and F. Zeng, 2009: Volcanic signals in oceans.  J. Geophys. Res., 114, D16104.  https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011673
  125. Wittenberg, A. T., 2009: Are historical records sufficient to constrain ENSO simulations?  Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L12702.  https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL038710
  126. Anderson, W., A. Gnanadesikan, and A. Wittenberg, 2009: Regional impacts of ocean color on tropical Pacific variability.  Ocean Sci., 5, 313-327.  https://doi.org/10.5194/os-5-313-2009
  127. Guilyardi, E., A. Wittenberg, A. Fedorov, M. Collins, C. Wang, A. Capotondi, G. J. van Oldenborgh, and T. Stockdale, 2009: Understanding El Niño in ocean-atmosphere general circulation models: Progress and challenges.  Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 90, 325-340.  https://doi.org/10.1175/2008BAMS2387.1
  128. Sukharev, J., C. Wang, K.-L. Ma, and A. T. Wittenberg, 2009: Correlation study of time-varying multivariate climate data sets.   Proc. of IEEE VGTC Pacific Visualization Symposium 2009, Beijing, China, April 2009, pages 161-168.  https://doi.org/10.1109/PACIFICVIS.2009.4906852
    129.    2008
  129. Zavala-Garay, J., C. Zhang, A. M. Moore, A. T. Wittenberg, M. J. Harrison, A. Rosati, J. Vialard, and R. Kleeman, 2008: Sensitivity of hybrid ENSO models to unresolved atmospheric variability.  J. Climate, 21, 3704-3721.  https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JCLI1188.1
  130. Kim, D., J.-S. Kug, I.-S. Kang, F.-F. Jin, and A. T. Wittenberg, 2008: Tropical Pacific impacts of convective momentum transport in the SNU coupled GCM.  Climate Dyn., 31, 213-226.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-007-0348-4
    131.    2007
  131. *Gebbie, G., I. Eisenman, A. Wittenberg, and E. Tziperman, 2007: Could ocean-modulated wind bursts lead to better El Niño forecasts?  Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. (Nowcast), 88 (9), 1356-1357.
  132. Gebbie, G., I. Eisenman, A. Wittenberg, and E. Tziperman, 2007: Modulation of westerly wind bursts by sea surface temperature: A semistochastic feedback for ENSO.  J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 3281-3295. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS4029.1
  133. Zhang, S., M. J. Harrison, A. Rosati, and A. Wittenberg, 2007: System design and evaluation of coupled ensemble data assimilation for global oceanic climate studies.  Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 3541-3564.  https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR3466.1
  134. Sun, C., M. M. Rienecker, A. Rosati, M. Harrison, A. Wittenberg, C. L. Keppenne, J. P. Jacob, and R. M. Kovach, 2007: Comparison and sensitivity of ODASI ocean analyses in the tropical Pacific.  Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 2242-2264.  https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR3405.1
    135.    2006
  135. Vecchi, G. A., B. J. Soden, A. T. Wittenberg, I. M. Held, A. Leetmaa, and M. J. Harrison, 2006: Weakening of tropical Pacific atmospheric circulation due to anthropogenic forcing.  Nature, 441, 73-76.  https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04744
  136. Capotondi, A., A. Wittenberg, and S. Masina, 2006: Spatial and temporal structure of tropical Pacific interannual variability in 20th century coupled simulations.  Ocean Modelling, 15, 274-298.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2006.02.004
  137. Wittenberg, A. T., A. Rosati, N.-C. Lau, and J. J. Ploshay, 2006: GFDL's CM2 global coupled climate models, Part III: Tropical Pacific climate and ENSO.  J. Climate, 19, 698-722.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3631.1
  138. Gnanadesikan, A., et al., 2006: GFDL's CM2 global coupled climate models, Part II: The baseline ocean simulation.  J. Climate, 19, 675-697.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3630.1
  139. Delworth, T. L., et al., 2006: GFDL's CM2 global coupled climate models, Part I: Formulation and simulation characteristics.  J. Climate, 19, 643-674.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3629.1
  140. Vecchi, G. A., A. T. Wittenberg, and A. Rosati, 2006: Reassessing the role of stochastic forcing in the 1997-8 El Niño.  Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L01706.  https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL024738
    141.    2005
  141. Zhang, S., M. J. Harrison, A. T. Wittenberg, A. Rosati, J. L. Anderson, and V. Balaji, 2005: Initialization of an ENSO forecast system using a parallelized ensemble filter.   Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 3176-3201. https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR3024.1
    142.    2004
  142. The GFDL Global Atmospheric Model Development Team, 2004: The new GFDL global atmosphere and land model AM2/LM2: Evaluation with prescribed SST simulations.  J. Climate, 17, 4641-4673.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-3223.1
  143. Wittenberg, A. T., 2004: Extended wind stress analyses for ENSO.  J. Climate, 17, 2526-2540.  https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017%3C2526:EWSAFE%3E2.0.CO;2
  144. Zhang, S., J. L. Anderson, A. Rosati, M. Harrison, S. P. Khare, and A. T. Wittenberg, 2004: Multiple time level adjustment for data assimilation. Tellus A, 56, 2-15.  https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v56i1.14390
    145.    2003 & earlier
  145. Fedorov, A. V. , S. L. Harper, S. G. Philander, B. Winter, and A. Wittenberg, 2003: How predictable is El Niño?  Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 84, 911-919.  https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-84-7-911
  146. *Wittenberg, A. T., 2002: ENSO response to altered climates.  Ph.D. thesis, Princeton University. 475pp.  https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.1777.8403/2
  147. Wittenberg, A. T., and J. L. Anderson, 1998: Dynamical implications of prescribing part of a coupled system: Results from a low-order model.  Nonlin. Proc. Geophys., 5, 167-179.  https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-5-167-1998
  148. Hartmann, W. M., and A. Wittenberg, 1996: On the externalization of sound images.  J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 99, 3678-3688.  https://doi.org/10.1121/1.414965

Submitted

  1. Ross, A., C. A. Stock, V. Koul, T. L. Delworth, F. Lu, A. Wittenberg, and M. A. Alexander: Dynamically downscaled seasonal ocean forecasts for North American East Coast ecosystems.  Submitted to Ocean Science, February 2024.
  2. Zhao, S., M. Stuecker, P. Thompson, J.-S. Kug, M. McPhaden, M. Cane, A. Wittenberg, and W. Cai: Explainable El Niño predictability from climate mode interactions.  Revised for Nature, April 2024.
  3. Reichl, B. G., A. T. Wittenberg, S. M. Griffies, and A. J. Adcroft: Improved equatorial upper ocean vertical mixing in the NOAA/GFDL OM4 model.  Earth and Space Science, in revision, February 2024.
  4. Koul, V., A. Ross, C. Stock, L. Zhang, T. Delworth, and A. Wittenberg: A predicted pause in the rapid warming of the Northwest Atlantic Shelf in the coming decade.  Submitted to Geophys. Res. Lett., December 2023.
  5. Planton, Y. Y., J. Lee, A. T. Wittenberg, P. J. Gleckler, E. Guilyardi, S. McGregor, and M. J. McPhaden: Estimating uncertainty in simulated ENSO statistics.  Submitted to J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., November 2023.

In Preparation

  1. Kim, S.-K., et al.: The Community Recharge Oscillator Model.  In preparation for Geoscientific Model Development.
  2. Wu, X., S. G. Yeager, C. Deser, A. Capotondi, A. T. Wittenberg, and M. J. McPhaden: High tropical Pacific decadal predictability dominated by oceanic Rossby waves.
  3. Zeng, F., A. T. Wittenberg, et al.: Model-analog forecasts of ENSO: Evaluation and comparisons with initialized SPEAR NMME forecasts.
  4. Wu, X., A. T. Wittenberg, F. Zeng, B. G. Reichl, and F. Lu: Understanding the equatorial Pacific cold tongue bias via hierarchical coupled modeling.
  5. Vialard, J., et al.: The ENSO recharge oscillator conceptual model: Past achievements, future prospects.  In preparation for Reviews of Geophysics.
  6. Tseng, K.-C., N. C. Johnson, A. T. Wittenberg, T. L. Delworth, S.-K. Lee, H. Lopez, D. Kim, A. Kumar, H. Wang, F. Lu, W. F. Cooke, A. J. Rosati, L. Zhang, C. McHugh, X. Yang, M. J. Harrison, F. Zeng, H. Murakami, M. Bushuk, and L. Jia: Skillful forecasts of springtime CONUS tornado activity up to a year in advance.  In preparation for npj Climate and Atmospheric Sciences.
  7. Wittenberg, A. T., et al.: Tropical Pacific climate and ENSO in the GFDL CM4, ESM4, and SPEAR coupled GCMs.
  8. Wittenberg, A. T., F. Zeng, et al.: Understanding tropical Pacific annual-mean climate via flux adjustments.

Talks

  1. Wittenberg, A. T., 2023: Leveraging observations to improve ENSO simulations and outlooks. U.S. CLIVAR Process Studies and Model Improvement (PSMI) Panel Webinar, NOAA GFDL, Princeton, NJ, 26 September 2023.
  2. Wittenberg, A. T., 2023: Tropical Pacific variability and air-sea interactions across time scales. 9th Annual U.S. Climate Modeling Summit, NOAA GFDL, Princeton, NJ, 24 April 2023.
  3. Wittenberg, A. T., B. Reichl, F. Zeng, F. Lu, et al., 2023: Understanding equatorial Pacific climate processes via hierarchical coupled modeling. CLIVAR Pacific Region Panel Meeting, Melbourne, Australia, 13 February 2023.
  4. Wittenberg, A. T., Y. Planton, J. Lee, et al., 2023: ENSO metrics: Status and next steps. CLIVAR Pacific Region Panel Meeting, Melbourne, Australia, 13 February 2023.
  5. Wittenberg, A. T., 2022 (invited): Multi-decadal modulation of ENSO.  Third Summer School on Theory, Mechanisms and Hierarchical Modeling of Climate Dynamics: Tropical Oceans, ENSO, and their Teleconnections. International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Trieste, Italy, 18-22 August 2022.  Also in ODP.  Photo of the in-person participants.
  6. Wittenberg, A. T., 2021 (invited): Relating model biases to regional uncertainties: Tropical Pacific climate and ENSO.  Towards Reliable Regional Climate Change Projections, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (via teleconference), Bergen, Norway, 22 June 2021.  Also in ODP.
  7. Wittenberg, A. T., 2020: Essential ENSO properties and metrics.  Working Group on Conceptual Models of ENSO, CLIVAR Pacific Region Panel, via teleconference, 10 September 2020.  Also in ODP.
  8. Wittenberg, A. T., 2019: Understanding future ENSO risks.  GFDL External Review, NOAA GFDL, Princeton, NJ, 29 October 2019.  Also in ODP.
  9. Wittenberg, A. T., Y. Planton, E. Guilyardi, J. Lee, P. Gleckler, et al., 2019: ENSO metrics: Status and next steps. CLIVAR Pacific Region Panel Meeting, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, 19 October 2019  Also in ODP.
  10. Wittenberg, A. T., N. Johnson, H. Murakami, X. Yang, and T. Delworth, 2019: GFDL's Seasonal-to-Decadal (S2D) Variability and Predictability Division.  NOAA OAR Weather, Oceans, and Climate Portfolio Advisors visit, NOAA GFDL, Princeton, New Jersey, 2 July 2019.  Also in ODP, PDF, PPT.
  11. Wittenberg, A. T., T. Delworth, H. Murakami, S.-J. Lin, and L. Harris, 2018: Toward seamless prediction across time and space scales.  CPO ESSM Workshop, Silver Spring, Maryland, 6 November 2018.
  12. Wittenberg, A. T., 2018: ENSO in climate models: Progress and opportunities.  IV International Conference on El Niño Southern Oscillation: ENSO in a Warmer Climate, CLIVAR Workshop, FIEC, ESPOL, Guayaquil, Ecuador, 17 October 2018.  Also in LibreOffice.
  13. Wittenberg, A. T., 2018: Decadal variations of tropical Pacific climate & ENSO: Model representation and key questions.  Workshop on Tropical Pacific Decadal Variability / ENSO Decadal Variability Interactions, CENAIM, San Pedro, Ecuador, 13 October 2018.  Also in LibreOffice and PDF. Reserve: PPT / ODP / PDF.
  14. Wittenberg, A. T., 2018: Decadal and multi-decadal signals in the tropical Pacific: Implications for TPOS.  TPOS2020 workshop, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 26 September 2018.  Reserve.  CLIVAR input.  Old strawman.
  15. Wittenberg, A. T., 2018: Ants Leetmaa's GFDL legacy: Mentoring the next generation.  Ants Leetmaa Memorial Symposium: Climate Variations, Change, and Predictability, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 20 June 2018.  Also in OpenOffice.
  16. Wittenberg, A. T., 2018: ENSO in climate models: Progress and opportunities.  Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York, NY, 16 May 2018.  Also in OpenOffice and PDF.
  17. Wittenberg, A. T., 2018: Tropical Pacific biases in models: Roles of off-equatorial surface fluxes.  Prepared for Bridging Sustained Observations & Data Assimilation for TPOS 2020, Boulder, Colorado, 2 May 2018.  Also in OpenOffice.
  18. Wittenberg, A. T., 2017: Decadal modulation of ENSO.  CLIVAR Pacific Research Panel Meeting, Busan, South Korea, 21 October 2017.
  19. Wittenberg, A. T., 2017: Time scale interactions of ENSO.  ENSO Complexity Workshop, Busan, South Korea, 18 October 2017.  Also in OpenOffice and PDF.
  20. Wittenberg, A. T., 2017: The TPOS2020 project.  CLIVAR ENSO Research Focus on ENSO in a Changing Climate, Busan, South Korea, 15 October 2017.
  21. Wittenberg, A. T., 2017: Tropical Pacific climate and ENSO: Understanding model biases through flux adjustment.  WGNE Workshop on Systematic Errors in Weather and Climate Models, Montréal, Quebec, Canada, 22 June 2017.  Also in OpenOffice and PDF.
  22. Ray, S., and A. T. Wittenberg, 2017: Heat budget of the equatorial Pacific cold tongue in the GFDL FLOR global coupled GCM.  WGNE Workshop on Systematic Errors in Weather and Climate Models, Montréal, Quebec, Canada, 22 June 2017.
  23. Wittenberg, A. T., 2017: ENSO dynamics, diversity, and change.  ENSO Workshop, Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York, NY, 31 March 2017.  Also in OpenOffice and PDF.
  24. Wittenberg, A. T., 2016: Impacts of flux adjustments on the GFDL FLOR coupled GCM.  NOAA Climate Prediction Center, National Centers for Environmental Prediction, College Park, MD, 19 May 2016.
  25. Wittenberg, A. T., 2016: ENSO in a flux-adjusted coupled GCM.  2016 Ocean Sciences Meeting.  New Orleans, LA, 24 February 2016.  Also in OpenOffice and PDF.
  26. Wittenberg, A. T., 2015: ENSO in GFDL's next-generation global models.  ENSO in a Changing Climate: 4th CLIVAR Workshop on Evaluating ENSO Processes in Climate Models.  Paris, France, 9 July 2015.  Also in OpenOffice and PDF.
  27. Wittenberg, A. T., 2015: Tropical Pacific climatological biases in the FLOR coupled model.  First Project Meeting, "Understanding tropical Pacific biases in climate simulations and initialized predictions," A joint GFDL/CPC project funded by NOAA CPO, Princeton, NJ, 14 May 2015.
  28. Wittenberg, A. T., 2014: ENSO dynamics, diversity, and change.  III International Conference on ENSO, Guayaquil, Ecuador, 12 November 2014.  Also in OpenOffice and PDF.
  29. Wittenberg, A. T., 2014: Predictions and the NMME.  Overview for Dr. Richard Spinrad (NOAA Chief Scientist), NOAA/GFDL, Princeton, NJ, 27 August 2014.
  30. Wittenberg, A. T., 2014: ENSO predictability and dynamics.  GFDL External Review, NOAA/GFDL, Princeton, NJ, 21 May 2014.
  31. Chen, C., M. Cane., and A. Wittenberg, 2013: Predictability of El Niño flavors in GFDL coupled GCM simulations.  NOAA/GFDL, Princeton, NJ, 28 August 2013.
  32. Wittenberg, A. T., 2013: Regional climate, extremes, and impacts.  GFDL Science Symposium, NOAA/GFDL, Princeton, NJ, 20 May 2013.
  33. Wittenberg, A. T., 2013: Assessing ENSO risks for the coming decades.  NOAA/GFDL, Princeton, NJ, 20 March 2013.
  34. Wittenberg, A. T., J.-S. Kug, J. Choi, S.-I. An, and F.-F. Jin, 2013: ENSO diversity in the GFDL CM2.1 coupled GCM.  U.S. CLIVAR ENSO Diversity Workshop, Boulder, CO, 6 February 2013.
  35. Wittenberg, A. T., 2012: Variation in ENSO teleconnections.  AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 7 December 2012.
  36. Wittenberg, A. T., 2012: Tropical climate change and ENSO.  Princeton University Carbon Mitigation Initiative, including the chief Scientist of BP, Professor Ellen Williams.  NOAA/GFDL, Princeton, NJ, 18 September 2012.
  37. Wittenberg, A. T., 2012: ENSO diversity in the GFDL CM2.1 coupled GCM.  US CLIVAR Working Group on ENSO Diversity.  Webinar broadcast from NOAA/GFDL, Princeton, NJ, 16 May 2012.
  38. Wittenberg, A. T., 2012: Tropical climate variability & change in the GFDL coupled GCMs.  Workshop on Decadal-to-Centennial Tropical Pacific Climate Variability: Perspectives from Proxies and Multi-Century Model Simulations.  Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, 2 February 2012.
  39. Wittenberg, A. T., 2011: Tropical climate change and ENSO.  GFDL Climate Modeling and Research Symposium, NOAA/GFDL, Princeton, NJ, 17 October 2011.
  40. Wittenberg, A. T., 2011: GFDL's Climate Change, Variability and Prediction Group.  GFDL New User Training, NOAA/GFDL, Princeton, NJ, 5 October 2011.
  41. Wittenberg, A. T., 2011: Whither ENSO?  Assessing ENSO risks for the coming decades.
  42. Wittenberg, A. T., 2010: Model fidelity and ENSO change: Signal versus noise.  New strategies for evaluating ENSO processes in climate models, CLIVAR workshop, Paris, France, 17 November 2010.  (Alternative PDF format here.)
  43. Wittenberg, A. T., 2010: Tropical climate, variability, and change in the GFDL global coupled GCMs.  Coral Vulnerability Workshop, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 30 August 2010.
  44. Wittenberg, A. T., 2010: Predictability of extreme ENSO epochs in the CM2.1 global coupled GCM.  15th Annual Ocean Sciences Meeting, Portland, OR, 26 February 2010.
  45. Wittenberg, A. T., T. Rosati, S. Zhang, et al., 2009: Seasonal to decadal predictability.  Roundtable on Applying Models of Global Climate Change to Natural Resources Management, NOAA/GFDL, Princeton, NJ, 17 August 2009.
  46. Wittenberg, A. T., 2009: Climate change and ENSO.  GFDL External Review, NOAA/GFDL, Princeton, NJ, 1 July 2009.
  47. Wittenberg, A. T., 2009: CM3: Tropical climate and ENSO.  GFDL-NCAR Atmospheric GCM Meeting, NOAA/GFDL, Princeton, NJ, 27 April 2009.
  48. Wittenberg, A. T., W. Anderson, A. Gnanadesikan, A. Capotondi, and G. Vecchi, 2009: Understanding & simulating El Niño: Lessons from the GFDL coupled GCMs.
  49. Wittenberg, A. T., 2009: CO2-induced changes in tropical climate, as simulated by the GFDL coupled GCMs.  International ENSO Workshop, Greenhouse 2009, Perth, Australia, 26 March 2009. See also page 31 of the workshop report.
  50. Wittenberg, A. T., 2008: Understanding ENSO modulation in the GFDL CM2.1 coupled GCM.  AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 15 December 2008.
  51. Wittenberg, A. T., 2008: Natural and forced modulation of ENSO in the GFDL CM2.1 coupled GCM.  Department of Atmospheric & Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 2 October 2008.
  52. Wittenberg, A. T., 2008: Natural modulation of ENSO in the GFDL CM2.1 coupled GCM.
  53. Wittenberg, A. T., K. Eckerle, G. Vecchi, S. Song, and A. Rosati, 2008: Indonesian Throughflow transports, variability, and change in the GFDL coupled GCMs.  INSTANT Workshop, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY, 29 May 2008.
  54. Wittenberg, A. T., and M. Winton, 2008: Coupled climate modeling at GFDL.  NOAA Climate Working Group, Climate Research and Modeling (CRM) Program Review, Hyatt Regency, Princeton, NJ, 25 March 2008.
  55. Wittenberg, A. T., 2006: ENSO dynamics and predictability in the GFDL coupled models.  Workshop on ENSO Dynamics and Predictability, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea, 12 September 2006. Also in OpenOffice.
  56. Wittenberg, A. T., and A. Rosati, 2006: What controls the period and amplitude of ENSO?  11th Annual CCSM Workshop, Breckenridge, CO, 20 June 2006.
  57. Wittenberg, A. T., G. A. Vecchi, and A. Rosati, 2006: Reassessing the role of stochastic forcing in the 1997-8 El Niño.  AGU Joint Assembly, Baltimore, MD, 25 May 2006.
  58. Vecchi, G. A., B. Soden, I. Held, A. Wittenberg, A. Leetmaa, and M. Harrison, 2006: Weakening of the Pacific Walker Circulation since the mid-19th Century.  AGU Joint Assembly, Baltimore, MD, 26 May 2006.
  59. Vecchi, G., Q. Song, A. Wittenberg, and M. Harrison, 2006: Coupled Indian Ocean intraseasonal variability.  AGU Joint Assembly, Baltimore, MD, 25 May 2006.
  60. Wittenberg, A. T., 2006: Simulated CO2-induced changes in tropical climate and variability.  NOAA/GFDL, Princeton, NJ, 22 March 2006.
  61. Eisenman, I., E. Tziperman, J. Gebbie, L. Yu, and A. Wittenberg, 2005: Feedbacks between El Niño and the "noise" that drives it: Modulation of westerly wind bursts by large-scale SST.  Boston University, 17 October 2005.
  62. Wittenberg, A. T., 2005: Climate sensitivities of ENSO: Bridging theories, observations, and modeling.  First Alexander von Humboldt International Conference on The El Niño Phenomenon and Its Global Impact, Guayaquil, Ecuador, 20 May 2005.  Also in OpenOffice and PowerPoint. The abstract is here.
  63. Gebbie, G., I. Eisenman, E. Tziperman, and A. Wittenberg, 2005: Westerly wind bursts: ENSO's tail rather than dog?  EGU General Assembly, Vienna, Austria, 28 April 2005. Also in OpenOffice and PowerPoint. The abstract is here.
  64. Wittenberg, A. T., 2005: On extended wind stress analyses for ENSO.   Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 2 February 2005. Also in PowerPoint.
  65. Wittenberg, A. T., G. Vecchi, T. Rosati, M. Harrison, I. Held, and T. Knutson, 2005: ENSO Modeling at GFDL.   Overview for Rick Rosen (Assistant Administrator, NOAA OAR) and Chet Koblinsky (NOAA/OAR Director for Climate), NOAA/GFDL, Princeton, NJ, 21 January 2005. Also in PowerPoint.
  66. Wittenberg, A. T., and G. A. Vecchi, 2004: Reassessing the role of stochastic forcing in ENSO events.
  67. Wittenberg, A. T., G. Vecchi, T. Rosati, M. Harrison, S. Zhang, I. Held, R. Gudgel, and the GFDL Model Development Teams, 2004: Simulation and prediction of El Niño at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory.   Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 11 November 2004.
  68. Rosati, A., M. Harrison, A. Wittenberg, and S. Zhang, 2005: NOAA/GFDL ocean data assimilation activities.  CLIVAR Workshop on Ocean Reanalysis, NCAR, Boulder, CO, 9 November 2004.
  69. Wittenberg, A. T., and A. Rosati, 2004: Tropical Pacific Climate & ENSO in the GFDL CM2/2.1 control simulations.  NOAA/GFDL, Princeton, NJ, 19 August 2004.  See also the CM2 handout and the CM2.1 handout.
  70. Galanti, E., M. Tippet, S. Zebiak, S DeWitt, A. T. Wittenberg, M. Harrison, T. Rosati, and M. Rienecker, 2004: On data assimilation and ENSO dynamical prediction.   International Research Institute for Climate Prediction, Palisades, NY, 30 June 2004.
  71. Wittenberg, A. T., and E. Galanti, 2004: Assessing the impact of stochastic forcing on ENSO events.  2004 Joint Assembly, Montréal, Quebec, Canada, 19 May 2004.
  72. W. Stern, A. Rosati, R. Gudgel, M. Harrison, and A. T. Wittenberg, 2004: Subseasonal to interannual prediction sensitivities in the GFDL/FMS GCM.  84th AMS Annual Meeting, Seattle, WA, 13 January 2004.
  73. Wittenberg, A. T., T. Rosati, and I. Held, 2003: ENSO in the GFDL coupled model.  8th Annual CCSM Workshop, Breckenridge, CO, 24 June 2003.
  74. Wittenberg, A. T., and M. J. Harrison, 2003: A baseline statistical model for tropical Pacific wind stress anomalies.  Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 17 February 2003.
  75. Wittenberg, A. T., 2002: ENSO response to altered climates. NOAA/GFDL, Princeton, NJ, 2 May 2002.
  76. Wittenberg, A. T., 2002: Understanding the sensitivity of ENSO to the tropical climatology.  International Research Institute for Climate Prediction, Palisades, NY, 11 January 2002.
  77. Wittenberg, A. T., 2000: The modulation of El Niño by climate change.  Department of Geoscience Annual Retreat, Killington, VT, January 2000.
  78. Wittenberg, A. T., 1999: The dynamics of El Niño.  Department of Geoscience Annual Retreat, Killington, VT, January 1999.
  79. Wittenberg, A. T., 1997: Dynamical implications of forcing a model with a prescribed boundary.  Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences General Seminar, Princeton University, 17 October 1997.
  80. Wittenberg, A. T., 1996: Dynamics of tropical cyclones.  Workshop on Science for Tomorrow, Japan Association for Mathematical Sciences, Hokkaido, Japan, 27 July 1996.

Posters

  1. Wittenberg, A. T., F. J. Zeng, T. L. Delworth, W. F. Cooke, and the SPEAR Model Development Team, 2022: Crafting a clearer crystal ball for ENSO.  Poster Session PLP02, Ocean Sciences Meeting, held online due to the COVID-19 pandemic, 2 March 2022.  Abstract.
  2. Wittenberg, A. T., T. L. Delworth, W. Cooke, F. J. Zeng, and the SPEAR Model Development Team, 2020: ENSO dynamics in the GFDL SPEAR_LO climate model.  Poster OS015-0007, AGU Fall Meeting, held online due to the COVID-19 pandemic, 9 December 2020.  AbstractID: 743014.
  3. Wittenberg, A. T., G. A. Vecchi, T. L. Delworth, A. Rosati, S. Ray, and W. Cooke, 2016: ENSO in the GFDL-FLOR CGCM: Impacts of ocean/atmosphere formulation and resolution.  Session A43D-0265, AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 15 December 2016.  AbstractID: 169772.
  4. Wittenberg, A. T., 2015: Assessing ENSO risks for the coming decades.  El Niño 2015 International Summit, International Research Institute, Palisades, NY, 16 November 2015.
  5. Wittenberg, A. T., G. A. Vecchi, T. L. Delworth, A. Rosati, W. G Anderson, and F. Zeng, 2014: Impacts of horizontal resolution on the tropical Pacific climatology in GFDL's CM2.x models.  Session A43G-3368, AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 18 December 2014.  AbstractID: 17645.
  6. Wittenberg, A. T., G. A. Vecchi, T. L. Delworth, A. Rosati, and W. G Anderson, 2014: ENSO changes with increasing resolution in the GFDL models.  2014 Ocean Sciences Meeting, Honolulu, HI, 26 February 2014.  AbstractID: 13302. See also the ePoster.
  7. McGregor, S., A. Timmermann, M. H. England, O. Elison Timm, and A. T. Wittenberg, 2014: Inferred changes in El Niño Southern Oscillation variance over the past six centuries.  2014 Ocean Sciences Meeting, Honolulu, HI, 26 February 2014.  AbstractID: 13255.
  8. Ogata, T., S.-P. Xie, A. Wittenberg, and D.-Z. Sun, 2014: Interdecadal amplitude modulation of El Niño/Southern Oscillation and its impacts on tropical Pacific decadal variability.  2014 Ocean Sciences Meeting, Honolulu, HI, 26 February 2014.  AbstractID: 13463.
  9. Graham, F. S., J. N. Brown, A. T. Wittenberg, N. J. Holbrook, and S. J. Marsland, 2014: Implications of coupled model biases for ENSO ocean dynamics and climate projections.  2014 Ocean Sciences Meeting, Honolulu, HI, 26 February 2014.  AbstractID: 15374.
  10. Chen, C., M. A. Cane, A. T. Wittenberg, D. Chen, and N. Henderson, 2014: Evolutionary characteristics and predictability of ENSO diversity.  2014 Ocean Sciences Meeting, Honolulu, HI, 26 February 2014.  AbstractID: 17869.
  11. Choi, K.-Y., G. A. Vecchi, and A. T. Wittenberg, 2014: Roles of wind and precipitation nonlinearities in ENSO asymmetries.  2014 Ocean Sciences Meeting, Honolulu, HI, 26 February 2014.  AbstractID: 14365.
  12. Chen, C., M. Cane, D. Chen, N. Henderson, and A. T. Wittenberg, 2013: Diagnosing the dynamics of ENSO flavors using linear inverse models.  19th Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics, Newport, RI, 17 June 2013.
  13. Wittenberg, A. T., 2013: Variation of ENSO teleconnections.  U.S. CLIVAR ENSO Diversity Workshop, Boulder, CO, 7 February 2013.
  14. Guilyardi, E., H. Bellenger, P. Braconnot, M. Collins, S. Ferett, J. Leloup, W. Cai, A. Wittenberg, S.-W. Yeh, and Y.-G. Ham, 2012: A first look at ENSO in CMIP5.   WCRP Workshop on CMIP5 Model Analysis, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 5-9 March 2012.
  15. Graham, F. S., J. N. Brown, A. Wittenberg, and N. J. Holbrook, 2012: Application of the ENSO unified oscillator theory to an ocean-only model.  Poster 15-05, AMOS 18th National Conference, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, 1 February 2012.  Awarded the conference prize for best student poster.
  16. Wittenberg, A. T., 2011: Assessing ENSO risks for the coming decades.  WCRP Open Science Conference, Session C36, poster Th25A, Denver, CO, 27 October 2011.
  17. C. Karamperidou, M. Cane, A. T. Wittenberg, and U. Lall, 2011: ENSO's decadal dance viewed through a local Lyapunov lens.  WCRP Open Science Conference, Session C25, Denver, CO, 27 October 2011.
  18. Guilyardi, E., A. Wittenberg, and the ENSO Metrics Working Group of the CLIVAR Pacific Panel, 2010: ENSO and tropical Pacific metrics for CMIP5.
  19. Anderson, W., A. Gnanadesikan, and A. Wittenberg, 2008: The role of ocean color in the variability of the tropical Pacific.  NASA Carbon Cycle & Ecosystems Joint Science Workshop, Adelphi, MD, 28 April 2008.
  20. Wittenberg, A. T., 2007: Addressing tropical biases in GFDL's global coupled climate models.
  21. Wittenberg, A. T., G. A. Vecchi, and A. Rosati, 2006: Simulated CO2-induced changes in tropical climate and variability.
  22. Capotondi, A., A. T. Wittenberg, and S. Masina, 2006: Temporal structure of ENSO in 20th century climate simulations.  13th Ocean Sciences Meeting, Honolulu, HI, 21 February 2006.
  23. Wittenberg, A. T., A. Rosati, N.-C. Lau, and J. J. Ploshay, 2005: GFDL's CM2 global coupled climate models: Tropical Pacific climate and ENSO.  10th Annual CCSM Workshop, Breckenridge, CO, 21-23 June 2005.
  24. Wittenberg, A. T., and A. Rosati, 2004: Tropical Pacific climate & variability in the GFDL CM2 global coupled GCM.
  25. Wittenberg, A. T., and A. Rosati, 2004: Sensitivities of ENSO: Lessons from the GFDL CM2 global coupled GCM.
  26. Wittenberg, A. T., and S. G. H. Philander, 2004: The Pacific cold tongue and ENSO: Sensitivity to the meridional wind stress climatology.  12th Ocean Sciences Meeting, Portland, OR, 30 January 2004.
  27. Wittenberg, A. T., and M. J. Harrison, 2003: A baseline statistical model for tropical Pacific wind stress anomalies.  14th Conference on Atmospheric & Oceanic Fluid Dynamics, San Antonio, TX, 11 June 2003.
  28. Wittenberg, A. T., 2002: What is the wind stress over the tropical Pacific?  AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 10 December 2002.
  29. Wittenberg, A. T., 1999: Modulation of ENSO by changes in tropical climate.  Eighth Conference on Climate Variations, Denver, CO, 15 September 1999.

Other Activities

2000 - present Frequent contributor to Ferret analysis software, and its user's group
2004 - 2006 Board Member, GFDL Employees' Association
2000 TAO buoy operations, NOAA Research Vessel Ka'imimoana
1997 Summer School on Inverse Methods and Data Assimilation, OSU 
1996 Workshop on Science for Tomorrow, Hokkaido, Japan
1994 - 1995 President, Society of Physics Students, OSU
1994 - 1995 OSU Science Student Council (Physics Representative)
1993 - 1995 Software engineer and language tutor, English Language Institute, OSU 
1995 Mentor, OSU Children's Motor Fitness Clinic
1993 - 1994 President, McNary Residence Hall, OSU
1993 - 1995 President, McNary Jugglers, OSU
1993 Database Programmer, Microflect Co., Inc., Salem, Oregon (now Valmont Industries)
1992 - 1993 Physics and math tutor, OSU

Research keywords:

Personal Interests: parenting, bicycling, hiking, skiing, running, genealogy, juggling, ballroom dancing

Last updated: 26 April 2023